The Azorean waters constitute a highly diverse ecosystem in the Central North Atlantic Ocean. Due to upwelling, run-off from the islands and the influence of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current, the area constitutes a food-rich oasis in the oligotrophic Central North Atlantic Ocean. 21 species of resident and migrating whales and dolphins are observed in in-shore waters, forming a true hotspot of marine biodiversity and representing over 30% of all cetacean species known to date. The majority of these species are dependent on certain key-areas for foraging, nursing and mating and often migrate vast distances between their areas foraging and breeding areas. The key research area is the south coast of Pico island.

Pico Island